Frequency and temperature: Control impedance to be low at very high frequencies, and due to high temperatures, control impedance will undergo thermal expansion. ( /- 150 ppm)
Tolerance: The impedance control is set based on manufacturing tolerances. Impedance control typically uses a tolerance of/-10%. But sometimes manufacturers allocate smaller tolerances to control impedance. This is why it affects impedance.
Reference Ground: The reference ground layer in the impedance control PCB needs to control the impedance routing to meet the requirements. Sometimes designers create partial grounding. Therefore, due to the presence of the inguinal plane, it also affects the control impedance.
Routing: Sometimes, due to wiring issues, designers may reduce the spacing between the inner and outer copper layers.
Dielectric material and thickness: Manufacturers set up stacks to match circuit board thickness and control impedance, but they choose higher materials and thicknesses of dielectric. Therefore, it is 100% affected by the control impedance.
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