From selecting the type of power switch to PCB layout, many design decisions can affect the robustness of high-power inverter design. The following summarizes some key points in the design of high-power inverters:
Evaluate the type of power switch
The first step in designing a high-power inverter PCB system is to determine the type of power switch. Power switches have unique functions and requirements, such as voltage, temperature range, and operating frequency limitations, which will drive many design decisions for high-power inverters, including which type of gate driver to use. The four main power switches are:
Silicon MOSFET
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
Silicon carbide (SiC)
Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Consider the requirements for working voltage
Working voltage is another factor to consider in inverter PCB design. Designers must evaluate the maximum voltage that the system can withstand under normal conditions and ensure that the gate driver and power switch can meet these power requirements. For gate drivers, the rated operating voltage will exceed the maximum expected peak voltage. For power switches, the empirical rule is that the maximum expected peak voltage should be less than 80% of the rated voltage of the equipment series.
Gate drivers and power switches have critical protection requirements that must be addressed during inverter PCB design. For example, voltage issues can generate heat and efficiency losses. Overvoltage can cause damage to the power switch. Fortunately, these issues can be addressed through solutions such as desaturation detection, using Miller effect to prevent switch parasitic connections, and meticulous PCB layout techniques.
Application and PCB layout
Another factor to consider in inverter PCB design is the dependency on the application program. For example, stable high-power applications such as stable operation of industrial motor inverters may not require much protection. On the contrary, dynamic applications such as electric vehicle traction inverters may require extensive system protection. PCB layout is also an important factor to consider in the inverter PCB design process, as it determines the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the power circuit. A carefully planned PCB layout can reduce parasitic inductance and capacitance, and improve reliability and efficiency.
Consider how to supply power to the secondary side
The final consideration in inverter PCB design is how to supply power to the secondary side of the half bridge device. This task can be completed cautiously or comprehensively. Therefore, when designing high-power inverter PCBs, please find suitable power switch technology and gate drivers for your system application, consider key protection requirements, and choose gate drivers that can provide corresponding solutions.
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